Audio and optical cryptography schemes in [1] are secret sharing schemes that protect audio and visual secrets by using sounds and images, respectively. However, 2-out-of-n schemes in [1] are constructed by ?log2 n? independent 2-out-of-2 schemes, meaning so that a 2-out-of-n scheme needs ?log2 n? different cover sounds or images. More cover sounds (images) will be more difficult for the human hearing(vision) system to hear(see) the secret. In this paper new constructions for the 2-out-of-n audio and optical secret sharing schemes are proposed. Our schemes only need one cover sound or image.

Keywords: visual cryptography, audio cryptography, secret sharing scheme, optical cryptography, optical interferometer

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Received July 14, 2000; revised February 5, 2001; accepted October 8, 2001.
Communicated by Wen-Hsiang Tsai.