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Although wireless networks and mobile devices have become prevalent, the diversity of mobile devices and unsteadiness of wireless networks still cause software development much trouble. In addition, the variety of services in Internet or Intranet, such as Web services, UPnP services, Jini services and so on, will also increase the difficulty in using them. Thus, when developing a mobile application to access these services, developers are forced to expose to these problems and therefore it will spend much time writing a mobile application. Although many studies on user interface adaptation and language transformation have attempted to solve the problems, most of them do not consider the computing power and functionalities of end-devices. As a result, some resources are ignored or wasted. To solve above problems, an adaptive framework, named GMA, is proposed to help developers build mobile applications quickly and easily. GMA framework can tailor an application to fit different devices according to not only user interface formats but also the computing power and functionalities of the devices. Besides, a universal service interface is proposed and developers can use a unified API to access different backend-services. As a result, a mobile application developed on GMA can enjoy the ¡§write once, run everywhere, and access anything¡¨ benefit.

Keywords: computing model adaptation, user interface adaptation, network protocol adaptation, universal service interface, bytecode manipulation

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Received November 15, 2006; accepted February 15, 2007.
Communicated by Sung Shin and Tei-Wei Kuo.
^*This paper was partially supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan, R.O.C., under grants No. NSC 95-2752-E-009-PAE and NSC 95- 2221-E-009-021.