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Pedro Peris-Lopez, Julio Cesar Hernandez-Castro,
Juan M. Estevez-Tapiador and Arturo Ribagorda
Department of Computer Science
Carlos III University of Madrid
28911 Leganes, Madrid, Spain
E-mails: {pperis; jcesar; jestevez; arturo}@inf.uc3m.es
Low-cost Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are devices with very limited
computational capability, in which only 250-4K logic gates can be devoted to securityrelated
tasks. Classical cryptographic primitives such as block ciphers or hash functions
are well beyond the computational capabilities of low-cost RFID tags, as ratified by the
EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2 RFID specification. Moreover, the Gen-2 RFID specification
does not pay due attention to security. For this reason, an efficient Ultra Light Authentication
Protocol (ULAP) is proposed in this paper. This new scheme offers an adequate
security level against passive attacks, and is compliant with Gen-2 RFID specification.
Received May 4, 2007; revised July 31, 2007 & March 24, 2008; accepted April 24, 2008.
Communicated by Tzong-Chen Wu.