| Previous | [ 1] | [ 2] | [ 3] | [ 4] | [ 5] | [ 6] | [ 7] | [ 8] | [ 9] | [ 10] | [ 11] | [ 12] | [ 13] | [ 14] | [ 15] | [ 16] | [ 17] | [ 18] | [ 19] | [ 20] |
¡@
Lei-Da Li, Bao-Long Guo and Lei Guo+
Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering
Xidian University
Xi'an 710071, P.R. China
+National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
Institute of Automation
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing 100080, P.R. China
This paper presents a new robust image watermarking scheme for resisting both traditional
and geometric attacks. A watermark synchronization scheme is first presented
using image features. Harris interest points are first extracted from the scale normalized
image and the locally most stable points are employed to generate some non-overlapped
circular regions. Watermark synchronization is achieved using these local circular regions.
Thereafter, the rotation invariant pseudo-Zernike moments (PZMs) are computed
over each circular region and the watermark signal is composed of the PZM vectors extracted
from all the local regions. Then the PZM vectors are modified and reconstructed,
producing some error images. The watermark is embedded by adding the error images
into the corresponding local circular regions in spatial domain directly. During watermark
detection, local circular regions are first extracted from the distorted image and
PZMs are computed over each local region. A minimum distance decoder is proposed to
detect the watermark blindly. Simulation results on Stirmark 4.0 show that the watermark
is robust against traditional signal processing attacks, rotation, scaling, flipping,
Stirmark random bending as well as combined attacks.
Received May 17, 2007; revised July 20, August 16 & October 9, 2007; accepted November 12, 2007.
Communicated by Tong-Yee Lee.
* This paper was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60572152 and
60802077) and Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20060701004).