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SHIH-HSUAN YANG AND WU-JIE LIAO
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
National Taipei University of Technology
Taipei, 106 Taiwan
In this paper, we present a compressed-domain watermarking technique for still
images based on the SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) coding. The proposed
watermark is engraved on the refinement bits of SPIHT. By jointly considering watermarking
and compression, the proposed quantization-based watermark suffers less degradation
from the host interference and lossy compression. Watermark verification can
be realized through a low-complexity hard-decision detector without host information.
We further present a repetition-code scheme to enhance the robustness performance of
the system. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more resilient to
non-geometric attacks than the transform-domain spread-spectrum methods.
Received September 4, 2008; revised November 25, 2008; accepted January 22, 2009.
Communicated by H. Y. Mark Liao.
* This work was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan, R.O.C., under the Grant No.
NSC 89-2213-E-027-055.