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JIU-QING WAN, XIAO-QING ZHANG AND JIN-SONG YU
School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Beijing 100083, P.R. China
Tracking of maneuvering target in infrared images is a challenging problem, especially
when the target under tracking experiences large appearance variations or disappears
temporarily during some periods. The difficulties lie in the uncertainties in both
target motion mode and target appearance, and the nonlinearity in the observation process
when the images are treated as measurements directly. This paper presents a robust
tracking algorithm to cope with these difficulties. We propose a mixture observation
model, which can describe both the gradual intensity variation and sudden disappearance
of target pixels, and use an online EM algorithm to update the model parameters. Target
is tracked with the interacting multiple model particle filter (IMM-PF), where the proposed
adaptive observation model is used to assign weights to the particles based on
current measurement. The problems of the simultaneous update of target state and observation
model and calculation of motion model likelihood are investigated. Moreover,
particle number adaptation is introduced to improve the efficiency and robustness of the
algorithm. Finally, we extend the algorithm to multiple targets tracking by introducing a
likelihood function based on the probabilistic exclusion principle. Experimental and
simulation results demonstrate the robustness of our algorithm.
Received March 11, 2009; revised September 10 & November 2, 2009; accepted November 18, 2009.
Communicated by Tyng-Luh Liu.
* This work was supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Ministry of Education of China
(No. 200800061020).