Probabilistic Termination and Composability of Cryptographic Protocols
- LecturerDr. Ran Cohen (Cryptography Research Group, Department of Computer Science, Bar-Ilan University)
Host: Kai-Min Chung - Time2016-03-03 (Thu.) 10:30 ~ 12:30
- LocationAuditorium 106 at IIS new Building
Abstract
When analyzing the round complexity of multi-party cryptographic protocols, one often overlooks the fact that underlying resources, such as a broadcast channel, can be by themselves expensive to implement. For example, it is well known that it is impossible to implement a broadcast channel by a (deterministic) protocol in a sub-linear (in the number of corrupted parties) number of rounds.
The seminal works of Rabin and Ben-Or from the early 80's demonstrated that limitations as the above can be overcome by using randomization and allowing parties to terminate at different rounds, igniting the study of protocols over point-to-point channels with probabilistic termination and expected {[@BackSlash]em constant} round complexity. However, absent a rigorous simulation-based definition, the suggested protocols are proven secure in a property-based manner or via {[@BackSlash]em ad hoc} simulation-based frameworks, therefore guaranteeing limited, if any, composability.
In this work, we put forth the first simulation-based treatment of multi-party cryptographic protocols with probabilistic termination. We define secure multi-party computation (MPC) with probabilistic termination in the UC framework, and prove a universal composition theorem for probabilistic-termination protocols. Our theorem allows to compile a protocol using deterministic-termination hybrids into a protocol that uses expected constant-round protocols for emulating these hybrids, preserving the expected round complexity of the calling protocol.
We showcase our definitions and compiler by providing for the first time simulation-based (therefore composable) protocols and security proofs for the following primitives relying on point-to-point channels:
(1) Expected constant-round perfect Byzantine agreement, (2) expected constant-round perfect parallel broadcast, and (3) perfectly secure MPC with round complexity independent of the number of parties.
Joint work with Sandro Coretti, Juan Garay and Vassilis Zikas.